ABSTRACT
When performing eye movement pattern classification for different tasks, support vector machines are greatly affected by parameters. To address this problem, we propose an algorithm based on the improved whale algorithm to optimize support vector machines to enhance the performance of eye movement data classification. According to the characteristics of eye movement data, this study first extracts 57 features related to fixation and saccade, then uses the ReliefF algorithm for feature selection. To address the problems of low convergence accuracy and easy falling into local minima of the whale algorithm, we introduce inertia weights to balance local search and global search to accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm and also use the differential variation strategy to increase individual diversity to jump out of local optimum. In this paper, experiments are conducted on eight test functions, and the results show that the improved whale algorithm has the best convergence accuracy and convergence speed. Finally, this paper applies the optimized support vector machine model of the improved whale algorithm to the task of classifying eye movement data in autism, and the experimental results on the public dataset show that the accuracy of the eye movement data classification of this paper is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional support vector machine method. Compared with the standard whale algorithm and other optimization algorithms, the optimized model proposed in this paper has higher recognition accuracy and provides a new idea and method for eye movement pattern recognition. In the future, eye movement data can be obtained by combining it with eye trackers to assist in medical diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Support Vector Machine , Whales , Eye Movements , AlgorithmsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate if participants, subjected to whole-body vibration, two different types of media (paper versus tablet) and two lighting environments (fluorescent versus LED), present a difference in eye-movement parameters during reading tasks. Methods: Fourteen adults silently read two different texts in each one of the eight randomized testing conditions (whole-body vibration versus media versus lighting), resulting in 16 different texts read per individual. Whole-body vibration was applied in the vertical direction, 5Hz and 0.8 m/s2 root-mean-square amplitude, a condition similar to those experienced by forklift truck drivers. Participants were in a sitting position with a backrest. An eye-tracker evaluated the eye-movements during the reading task. Results: Whole-body vibration significantly reduced the number of ocular fixations, and cross-correlation; and increased the reading efficiency, fixation duration, directional attack, and binocular anomalies. Neither the type of media nor the lighting environment interfered significantly with the eye-movements, both in situations with and without vibration. Conclusion: The results indicate that whole-body vibration interfered in the eye-movements during the reading task. This may impose a difficulty to process the visual information and to synchronously coordinate the binocular movements under vibration environments.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se participantes submetidos à vibração de corpo inteiro, a dois tipos diferentes de mídia (papel versus tablet) e a dois ambientes de iluminação (fluorescente versus LED) apresentam diferença nos parâmetros de movimento dos olhos durante tarefas de leitura. Métodos: Quatorze adultos leram silenciosamente dois textos diferentes em cada uma das oito condições de teste (vibração de corpo inteiro versus mídia versus iluminação), de forma aleatória, resultando em 16 textos diferentes lidos por indivíduo. A vibração de corpo inteiro foi aplicada no sentido vertical, com amplitude de 5Hz e 0,8m/s² da raiz do valor quadrático médio, em condição semelhante às vivenciadas pelos motoristas de empilhadeiras. Os participantes permaneceram em postura sentada com encosto. Um rastreador ocular avaliou os movimentos oculares durante a leitura. Resultados: A vibração de corpo inteiro reduziu significativamente o número de fixações oculares e a correlação cruzada entre os olhos e aumentou a eficiência de leitura, duração da fixação, ataque direcional e anomalias binoculares. Nem o tipo de mídia nem as condições de ambientes de iluminação interferiram significativamente nos movimentos oculares, tanto em situações com ou sem vibração. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a Vibração de Corpo Inteiro pode interferir nos movimentos oculares durante a leitura. Isso pode impor uma dificuldade no processamento da informação visual e na coordenação síncrona dos movimentos binoculares em ambientes de vibração.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Reading , Vibration , Lighting , Computers, Handheld , Eye Movements/physiology , Prospective Studies , Fixation, Ocular/physiology , LightABSTRACT
Recent studies prove a strong association between reading and eye movements. Few investigations report the role of connectors and prior knowledge during reading in Spanish, as well as their association with eye movements. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of the presence absence of connectors in two argumentative texts on cognitive effort and reading comprehension. Forty-one psychology undergraduate students participated in a reading comprehension task, while their eye movements were recorded. The condition with connectors was related to prior knowledge, the slide time fixation, the slide number fixations, and the slide return fixations. The condition without connectors was related to the return fixations, the time fixation, and the number of fixations. Prior knowledge was correlated with the total time fixation, the total return fixations, and comprehension. This suggests that during reading without connectors more cognitive effort is required, observed in the return fixations; moreover, prior knowledge has an important role in the visual strategies required to process and obtain a representation of text. But participant performance was still good as observed in the scores of the reading comprehension task
Estudios prueban una asociación entre lectura y movimientos oculares al reportar el efecto de los conectores en el procesamiento textual. Pocas investigaciones revelan el papel de los conectores, el conocimiento previo y los movimientos oculares en la lectura de textos en español. El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de la presencia-ausencia de conectores en dos textos argumentativos sobre el esfuerzo cognitivo y la comprensión lectora. Participaron 41 universitarios en una tarea de lectura con registro de sus movimientos oculares. La comprensión en la condición con conectores estuvo relacionada con conocimiento previo, tiempo y número de fijaciones por diapositiva, además del número de regresos en la lectura por diapositiva. Mientras la comprensión de textos sin conectores estuvo relacionada con conocimiento previo, regresos, tiempo y número de fijaciones, el conocimiento previo se correlacionó con tiempo y número fijaciones, regresos en la lectura y la comprensión. Se sugiere que la lectura de un texto sin conectores requerirá mayor esfuerzo cognitivo observado en los regresos en la lectura; además, el conocimiento previo afecta las estrategias visuales para procesar y representar mentalmente un texto. Pero, el desempeño de los participantes sigue siendo bueno, según lo observado en los puntajes de la tarea de comprensión lectora.
Subject(s)
Humans , Reading , Comprehension , Eye Movements , Connectome/psychologyABSTRACT
Introducción: en la actualidad, se reconocen cuadros vestibulares periféricos y centrales que pueden ser diagnosticados mediante la videonistagmografía (VNG). Los avances en la tecnología han provocado en los profesionales una constante actualización en el uso e interpretación de las distintas pruebas que conlleven, en su lectura cruzada, un diagnóstico acertado y a tratamientos de rehabilitación exitosos. El objetivo fue describir las interpretaciones de los resultados de las pruebas oculomotoras, posicionales y calóricas de la VNG para lograr un diagnóstico detallado de las disfunciones vestibulares. Materiales y métodos: revisión documental obtenida de 40 fuentes reportadas en la literatura científica entre 2010 a 2020 tomadas de bases de datos, tesis de grado y libros. Discusión: dentro de la revisión se encontraron tres categorías (pruebas oculomotoras, posicionales y calóricas) y siete subcategorías (nistagmo espontáneo, nistagmo evocado por la mirada, rastreo, sacadas, optocinético, Dix-Hallpike y roll test). Conclusión: los diversos elementos encontrados en la presente revisión son relevantes ya que precisan no solo el tipo de vértigo, sino también su localización topográfica, lo que favorece el proceso de evaluacióndiagnóstico en la población en general.
Introduction: At present, peripheral and central vestibular frames are recognized that can be diagnosed by videonystagmography (VNG). Advances in technology have caused professionals to constantly update the use and interpretation of the different tests that lead, in their cross-reading, to an accurate diagnosis and successful rehabilitation treatments. The objective was to describe the interpretations of the results of the oculomotor, positional and caloric tests of the VNG, for a detailed diagnosis of the vestibular dysfunctions. Materials and method: Documentary review obtained from 40 sources reported in the scientific literature between 2010 and 2020, taken from databases, thesis and books. Discussion: Within the review, three categories were found (oculomotor, positional and caloric tests) and seven subcategories (spontaneous nystagmus, gaze-evoked nystagmus, tracking, saccades, optokinetic, Dix-Hallpike and roll test). Conclusion: The various elements found in this review are relevant in that they specify not only the type of vertigo but also its topographic location, favoring the evaluation-diagnosis process in the general population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nystagmus, Pathologic , Caloric Tests , Electronystagmography , Eye MovementsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Optical coherence tomography is often used for detection of glaucoma as well as to monitor progression. This paper reviews the most common types of artifacts on the optical coherence tomography report that may be confused with glaucomatous damage. We mainly focus on anatomy-related artifacts in which the retinal layer segmentation and thickness measurements are correct. In such cases, the probability maps (also known as deviation maps) show abnormal (red and yellow) regions, which may mislead the clinician to assume disease is present. This is due to the anatomic variability of the individual, and the normative database must be taken into account.
RESUMO A tomografia de coerência óptica é frequentemente usada para detectar glaucoma, bem como para monitorar a progressão. Este artigo analisa os tipos mais comuns de artefatos no relatório de tomografia de coerência óptica que podem ser confundidos com danos glaucomatosos. Nós nos concentramos principalmente nos artefatos relacionados à anatomia em que a segmentação da camada da retina e as medidas de espessura estão corretas. Nesses casos, os mapas de probabilidade (também conhecidos como mapas de desvio) mostram regiões anormais (vermelho e amarelo), o que pode induzir o clínico em erro ao supor que a doença está presente. Isto se deve à variabilidade anatômica do indivíduo, e o banco de dados normativo deve ser levado em conta.
Subject(s)
Humans , Glaucoma/diagnostic imaging , Artifacts , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Posture , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Torsion Abnormality , Head Movements , Diagnostic Errors , Eye Movements , Fovea Centralis , Nerve Fibers/pathologyABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Multisensory audiovisual semantic congruency is the process by which visual information is perceived as integrated to auditory stimuli, because both coincide in terms of simultaneity and semantic correspondence. This study was aimed at establishing whether visual percepts, which semantically correspond to auditory stimuli, are associated with ocular fixations in modulating bottom-up areas while keeping a body posture alignment between the up-direction and the idiotropic axes, as well as in another orientation corresponding to a vectorial opposition between the up-direction and the head idiotropic axis. Method: Two groups (one for each position) were selected from a sample of 88 people. A bistable image was presented on a screen of a fixed 120 Hz eye-tracker device, providing background auditory stimuli so as to establish semantic congruencies and their relations to ocular fixations. Results: It was found that audiovisual semantic congruency is associated with fixations when idiotropic vectors are aligned with the up direction. Fixations manifested in bottom-up modulating areas are not associated with multisensory audiovisual semantic congruency when the head idiotropic vector is parallel with the gravity vector. Eye fixations decrease significantly if the head idiotropic axis is aligned with the gravity vector. Conclusion: It is concluded that body position can affect visual perceptual processes involved in the occurrence of semantic congruency.
Resumen Introducción: La congruencia semántica audiovisual es el proceso por el cual información de una modalidad sensorial visual se percibe como integrada a estímulos auditivos, porque coinciden en términos de simultaneidad y correspondencia semántica. Este estudio tuvo por objeto establecer si los perceptos visuales que se corresponden semánticamente a estímulos auditivos están asociados con las fijaciones oculares realizadas en áreas de modulación bottom-up, tanto en una postura corporal definida por la alineación entre la dirección vertical hacia arriba y los ejes vectoriales idiotrópicos, como en otra orientación definida por una oposición vectorial entre la vertical hacia arriba y el eje idiotrópico de la cabeza. Método: Dos grupos fueron seleccionados (uno por cada posición), tomados de una muestra de 88 personas. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de un dispositivo fijo de registro de movimientos oculares de 120 Hz. Una imagen biestable se presentó, proporcionando estímulos auditivos de fondo para producir congruencias semánticas y establecer su relación con las fijaciones oculares. Resultados: Se encontró que la congruencia semántica audiovisual está asociada con áreas de fijación ocular cuando los vectores idiotrópicos están alineados con la dirección vertical ascendente. Las fijaciones oculares en áreas de modulación bottom-up no están asociadas con la congruencia semántica audiovisual cuando el vector idiotrópico de la cabeza está alineado con el vector gravitacional. En esta última posición, la cantidad de fijaciones oculares es significativamente menor. Conclusión: La posición del cuerpo puede afectar procesos perceptuales visuales que, a su vez, inciden en el efecto de congruencia semántica.
Subject(s)
Fixation, Ocular , Posture , Semantics , Eye MovementsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD), known since ancient times as paralysis agitans, was studied and described by James Parkinson in 1817 in his work "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy". Fifty years later, Charcot and his students delved into the disease, naming it as we know it today, as well as defining the classic disease and its variants. One of these students, Arthur Dutil, addressed patients' abnormal eye movements. Nowadays, it is known that the differential diagnosis of PD is relevant for prognosis, treatment and research, and, despite the advances in the area, it remains largely clinical. The relevance of the eye movement exam has grown along with the history of PD and it has proved to be an excellent tool for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Additionally, it can become a support to identify different types of genetic PD and be useful for improving early recognition of cognitive decline in patients with PD.
RESUMO A doença de Parkinson (DP), conhecida desde a antiguidade como paralysis agitans, foi estudada e descrita por James Parkinson em 1817 em seu trabalho An Essay on the Shaking Palsy. Cinquenta anos depois, Charcot e seus alunos aprofundaram os estudos na doença, nomeando-a como a conhecemos atualmente, bem como definindo a doença clássica e suas variantes. Um desses estudantes, Arthur Dutil, investigou os movimentos oculares anormais nos pacientes. Hoje, sabe-se que o diagnóstico diferencial da DP é relevante para o prognóstico, tratamento e pesquisa, e, apesar dos grandes avanços na área, ainda permanece amplamente clínico. A relevância do exame de movimentação ocular cresceu com a história da DP e este se mostrou uma excelente ferramenta para o diagnóstico diferencial do parkinsonismo. Além disso, pode se tornar um auxílio para identificar diferentes formas de DP genética e útil para melhorar o reconhecimento precoce do declínio cognitivo em pacientes com DP.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parkinsonian Disorders , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Students , Diagnosis, Differential , Eye MovementsABSTRACT
Vision is an important way for human beings to interact with the outside world and obtain information. In order to research human visual behavior under different conditions, this paper uses a Gaussian mixture-hidden Markov model (GMM-HMM) to model the scanpath, and proposes a new model optimization method, time-shifting segmentation (TSS). The TSS method can highlight the characteristics of the time dimension in the scanpath, improve the pattern recognition results, and enhance the stability of the model. In this paper, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method is used for multi-dimensional feature pattern recognition to evaluates the rationality and the accuracy of the proposed model. Four sets of comparative trials were carried out for the model evaluation. The first group applied the GMM-HMM to model the scanpath, and the average accuracy of the classification could reach 0.507, which is greater than the opportunity probability of three classification (0.333). The second set of trial applied TSS method, and the mean accuracy of classification was raised to 0.610. The third group combined GMM-HMM with TSS method, and the mean accuracy of classification reached 0.602, which was more stable than the second model. Finally, comparing the model analysis results with the saccade amplitude (SA) characteristics analysis results, the modeling analysis method is much better than the basic information analysis method. Via analyzing the characteristics of three types of tasks, the results show that the free viewing task have higher specificity value and a higher sensitivity to the cued object search task. In summary, the application of GMM-HMM model has a good performance in scanpath pattern recognition, and the introduction of TSS method can enhance the difference of scanpath characteristics. Especially for the recognition of the scanpath of search-type tasks, the model has better advantages. And it also provides a new solution for a single state eye movement sequence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Discriminant Analysis , Eye Movements , Markov Chains , Normal Distribution , ProbabilityABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To compare the use of 2 different local anesthetic solution (LAS) volumes of 1.5 mL and 3 mL in retrobulbar block in patients undergoing cataract surgery in terms of anesthesia, akinesia, and pain levels. Methods: 80 patients between 18-90 years old, ASA I-II-III, were included in the study. For retrobulbar anesthesia, 1.5 mL LAS was applied to one group (Group LV), and 3 mL LAS to the other group (Group HV). The patients' ocular and eyelid motion scores were evaluated and recorded in the first, third, fifth, and tenth minutes after the block, and at 30-minute intervals for 4 hours post-operatively. One day later, the first hour of analgesic need and the number of times they took analgesic agents were asked and recorded. In addition, side effects were questioned and recorded. Results: The 39 (48.75%) patients were male and 41 (51.25%) patients were female. The criteria determined in terms of ocular motor score after the retrobulbar block (ocular motor score≤4) were met in 92.5% of patients in Group LV in all patients in Group HV, and the time to fulfill the determined criteria in Group HV was found to be significantly lower compared to Group LV (p=0.004). The movements of the eye in all direction except the inward movement recovered in Group LV in a significantly shorter time than Group HV (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in pain levels and side effects between the groups (p=0.34). Conclusions: After 1.5 mL LAS administration in retrobulbar block, adequate akinesia was not achieved in about one tenth of patients, but no significant difference was found between 1.5 mL and 3 mL LAS volumes in analgesic efficacy and side effects.
Resumo Objetivo: Comparar o uso de 2 volumes diferentes de solução anestésica local (LAS) de 1,5 mL e 3 mL no bloqueio retrobulbar em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata em termos de anestesia, acinesia e níveis de dor. Métodos: 80 pacientes entre 18 e 90 anos, ASA I-II-III, foram incluídos no estudo. Para anestesia retrobulbar, 1,5 mL de LAS foi aplicado em um grupo (Grupo LV) e 3 mL de LAS no outro grupo (Grupo HV). Os escores de movimento ocular e palpebral dos pacientes foram avaliados e registrados no primeiro, terceiro, quinto e décimo minutos após o bloqueio e em intervalos de 30 minutos por 4 horas no pós-operatório. Um dia depois, a primeira hora de necessidade de analgésico e o número de vezes que eles tomaram analgésicos foram solicitados e registrados. Além disso, os efeitos colaterais foram questionados e registrados. Resultados: 39 (48,75%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 41 (51,25%) do sexo feminino. Os critérios determinados em termos de escore motor ocular após o bloqueio retrobulbar (escore motor ocular≤4) foram atendidos em 92,5% dos pacientes do Grupo LV em todos os pacientes do Grupo HV, e foi encontrado o tempo para atender aos critérios determinados no Grupo HV ser significativamente menor em comparação ao grupo LV (p = 0,004). Os movimentos do olho em todas as direções, exceto o movimento interior, se recuperaram no Grupo LV em um tempo significativamente menor que o Grupo HV (p = 0,004). Não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de dor e efeitos colaterais entre os grupos (p = 0,34). Conclusões: Após administração de 1,5 mL de LAS no bloqueio retrobulbar, não foi alcançada acinesia adequada em cerca de um décimo dos pacientes, mas não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os volumes de 1,5 mL e 3 mL de LAS na eficácia analgésica e efeitos colaterais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pain , Cataract Extraction , Neuromuscular Blockade , Eye Movements , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthetics, Local , Comparative StudyABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os conceitos relativos ao funcionamento e alterações da supressão do reflexo vestíbulo-ocular (SRVO) e as principais formas de avaliação atualmente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, baseada em uma revisão da (El trabajo es una investigación descriptiva-exploratoria, basada en una revisión de la) literatura, realizada no (en el) Portal de Periódicos da Capes, no período de abril de 2020. Os (Los) operadores booleanos utilizados foram vestibulo-ocular reflex (OR), semicircular canal (OR), vestibular (AND) suppression. Como estratégia de pesquisa, na (en la) etapa de triagem (selección) foram utilizados os filtros: descritores no (en) título, publicações dos (de los) últimos dez anos, tipo de material, idioma e artigos revisados por pares. Dos 30 artigos triados (seleccionados), 20 apresentaram resumo de acordo com o tema e 13 estudos atenderam aos critérios de incluso (presentaron resúmenes relacionados al tema y 13 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión). Scopus, Medline/PubMed e Science Citation Index Expanded foram as bases mais abrangentes (fueron las bases más abarcativas). A maioria dos (La mayoría de los) estudos, sobretudo os mais recentes, utilizaram os testes de impulso cefálico com o paradigma ´suppression head impulse test´ (SHIMP) comparando-o ao ´head impulse test´ (HIMP). A cadeira rotatória (La silla rotatoria) com eletronistagmografia foi o segundo teste mais utilizado. Apenas um estudo utilizou a Scleral Search Coil. A partir dessa revisão constata-se que a SRVO é influenciada pela idade, pode ser alterada por disfunções vestibulares periféricas unilaterais ou bilaterais, mas também por alterações neurológicas, como as cerebelares (las cerebelosas). Além da via visual, a SRVO pode ser desencadeada por fontes auditivas, somestésicas e até mesmo imagéticas (e incluso imaginativas, fantasiosas)
The present study aimed to review the concepts related to the functioning and changes in vestibular-ocular reflex suppression (VORS) and the most used assessments today. This is descriptive-exploratory research, based on a literature review, carried out on the Capes Journals Portal, in April 2020. The Boolean operators used were Vestibulo-ocular reflex (OR) Semicircular canal (OR) Vestibular (AND) Suppression. As a research strategy, in the screening stage, with the filters: descriptors in the title, last ten years, type of material, language, and peer-reviewed articles. Thirty articles were screened, 20 presented a summary according to the theme and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and Science Citation Index Expanded were the most comprehensive databases. Most studies, especially the most recent ones, used cephalic impulse tests with the SHIMP paradigm (suppression head impulse test) comparing it to the HIMP (head impulse test, HIMP). The rotary chair with electronystagmography was the second most used test. Only one study used the Scleral Search Coil. From this review, it appears that the SRVO is influenced by age; it can be altered by unilateral or bilateral peripheral vestibular disorders, but also by neurological changes, such as the cerebellar ones. In addition to the visual pathway, other sources can trigger SVOR, such as auditory, somesthetic and even imagery sources
Subject(s)
Vestibular Function Tests , Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular , Postural Balance , Eye Movements , LocomotionABSTRACT
RESUMEN La exploración oculomotora incluye una extensa batería de exámenes que fundamentalmente en los niños y en los adultos poco cooperadores se hace compleja y difícil por su poca cooperación, el agotamiento y el entretenimiento frecuente. Esto se ha visto modificado con el surgimiento de la videoculografía, lo que permite el estudio de los movimientos oculares en tiempo real. Con esta revisión bibliográfica se pretende reflejar su utilidad, así como las ventajas y los inconvenientes de esta tecnología, para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda en diferentes publicaciones y textos de la especialidad desde hace 14 años. Concluimos que la videoculografía ha revolucionado la exploración del paciente estrábico y permite un examen preciso y rápido, lo que facilita el desarrollo de numerosas investigaciones y constituye una técnica con gran futuro(AU)
ABSTRACT Oculomotor exploration comprises a large set of tests, the performance of which may be difficult with children and unhelpful adults, because they are not cooperative, become tired and get distracted. But such a situation has changed with the emergence of videoculography, which makes it possible to observe eye movements in real time. The purpose of the present bibliographic review was to gain insight into the usefulness, advantages and drawbacks of this technology, to achieve which a search was conducted in various publications and texts about the specialty since 14 years ago. We conclude that videoculography has revolutionized strabismus exploration, enabling accurate and fast examination and facilitating the development of numerous studies, all of which makes it a very promising technique(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Technology , Strabismus/therapy , Eye Movements , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
La malformación de Arnold Chia-ri (MAC) es una enfermedad por primera vez descrita en 1883 y clasificada en 1891 en cuatro grupos.Se ha reportado una prevalencia de malformación de Chiari tipo 1 de 0.24-0.9% de los adultos que se realizan un resonancia magnética cerebral por cualquier motivo. Los sín-tomas se relacionan a hidrocefalia obstructiva, movimientos oculares anormales y mielomeningocele espinal. Su causa es multifactorial y las manifestaciones clínicas muy variadas. Se relaciona con síndromes de craneosinostosis, síndromes osteopáticos, desórdenes del tejido conectivo, anomalías vertebrales, anomalías cráneofaciales, síndrome de Williams, síndrome de Noonan y neurofibromatosis. El diagnóstico se realiza por resonancia magnética.Casos clínicos: Se presenta una serie de 3 casos de pacientes que acudieron al Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas (HMCR) en el periodo de 2008-2018. El motivo de consulta fue diferente en cada paciente, siendo: vómito, pérdida de fuerza muscular, disfagia, dolor en miembro superior derecho, paresia y parestesia de miembro inferior y ataxia, aumento del perímetro cefálico. El tipo de malformación fue tipo1 en dos casos, tipo2 en un caso.Solo dos de los pacientes se operaron, teniendo evolución posquirúrgica satisfactoria. Conclusión: La MAC es una patología poco estudiada en el país. No existe una forma de presentación global, por lo que siempre hay que tenerla en cuenta cuando se presente un paciente con alguna de esta sintomatología...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/complications , Meningomyelocele/complications , Eye MovementsABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the differences in accuracy of different eye movement parameters in distinguishing the cooperation and non-cooperation during image completion test of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma. Methods One hundred and forty cases of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma who took psychiatric impairment assessments were collected. The 21 pictures from "image completion" of Wechsler intelligence test were used as stimulating pictures, then divided into cooperation group and non-cooperation group according to binomial forced-choice digit memory test and expert opinions. The eye movement parameters of research subjects during completion of images were obtained by the SMI eye-tracker. The accuracy of eye movement parameters in distinguishing the cooperation or non-cooperation of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma in psychiatric impairment assessments were evaluated by the ROC curve. Results During the process of the image completion test, the area under curve （AUC） value of frequency of blink, frequency of fixation, pupil size, frequency of saccade, latency of saccade, average acceleration of saccade, the average and peak longitudinal velocity of saccade was above 0.5. When it comed to a specific stimulating picture, the AUC value of frequency of blink in looking at a specific stimulating picture could be above 0.8, and the AUC value of X axis diameter of pupil size could be above 0.7. Conclusion The accuracy of eye movement parameters in distinguishing the cooperation or disguise of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma is related with the stimulating picture. The accuracy of frequency of blink in distinguishing cooperation and non-cooperation is better than that of other eye movement parameters.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blinking , Eye Movements , Intelligence TestsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application value of eye tracking in lie detection. Methods The 40 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The pupil diameter, fixation duration, points of fixation and blink frequency of the subjects in the experimental group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were recorded with eye tracker after they accomplished the mock crime. The eye movement parameters of subjects in the control group were directly collected. The differences in eye movement parameters of the experimental group and the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were analyzed by t-test. Pearson coefficient analysis of correlation between eye movement parameters that had differences was conducted. The effectiveness of eye movement parameters to distinguish between the experimental group and the control group was calculated by the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. Results Participants from the experimental group had shorter average pupil diameter, longer average fixation duration and fewer fixation points （P<0.05）, but the differences in blink frequency had no statistical significance. The differences in the above indicators of the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation had no statistical significance. The average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with fixation points （r=-0.255, P<0.05）; the average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with average pupil diameter （r=-0.218, P<0.05）; the fixation points showed a positive correlation with average pupil diameter （r=0.09, P<0.05）. The area under the curve of average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points was 0.603, 0.621 and 0.580, respectively. Conclusion The average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points obtained by the eye tracker under laboratory conditions can be used to detect lies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Eye Movements , Lie Detection , Pupil , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Humans , Atrophy , Brain , Cerebellum , Eye Movements , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mesencephalon , Parkinson Disease , Superior Colliculi , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive , Temporal LobeABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Eye Movements , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Reflex, Vestibulo-OcularABSTRACT
@#A 31-year-old woman presented with the very unusual symptom of being able to hear the movement of her eyeballs in her left ear: “I can hear my eyeballs move!” She initially described hearing a recurrent “swishing” sound that would occur intermittently. She eventually realized that its occurrence coincided with eyeball movement. In the eight months’ duration of her symptom, she had been unable to obtain a diagnosis from physicians whom she consulted and had even been referred for psychiatric evaluation and treatment. An otolaryngologist whom she consulted had a standard pure tone audiometric examination done, and this showed normal hearing acuity in both ears. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the inner ear and brain likewise showed no abnormalities. Due to the peculiarity of the patient’s complaint, the otolaryngologist consulted with a neurotologist who suspected the presence of a semicircular canal dehiscence. A computerized tomographic imaging study of the temporal bone confirmed the presence of a left superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome.
Subject(s)
Semicircular Canal Dehiscence , Semicircular Canals , Eye MovementsABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La determinación de las diferentes subpoblaciones de los linfocitos T en las diversas patologías y el monitoreo postratamiento ayuda a que el médico tome decisiones terapéuticas teniendo como referencia la cinética de los linfocitos T localizados en sangre periférica. Métodos: Se realizó la estandarización de un perfil de moléculas de superficie para la caracterización de subpoblaciones de linfocitos T: naïve, activados y de memoria, así como las células natural killer o asesinas naturales (CD3− CD56+) en sangre periférica de individuos clínicamente sanos. Resultados: Se identificaron las subpoblaciones de linfocitos: naïve (CD3+, CD4+ o CD8+, CD45RA+, CD62L+, CCR7+), activados (CD3+, CD4+ o CD8+, CD45RA+ o CD45RO+, CD69+ y/o CRTAM+), efectores (CD3+, CD4+ o CD8+, CD45RA+, CD62L−, CCR7−), de memoria central (CD3+, CD4+ o CD8+, CD45RO+, CD62L+, CCR7+) y de memoria efectora (CD3+, CD4+ o CD8+, CD45RO+, CD62L−, CCR7−) en las poblaciones de linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+. Se integraron los datos obtenidos con estadística descriptiva (valores mínimos, valores máximos, media, mediana). Conclusiones: Este panel será de gran utilidad para monitorear pacientes en quienes se requiera valorar el estado inmunológico desde el punto de vista celular. Particularmente, puede apoyar en el seguimiento de los pacientes en los que se requiera evaluar la reconstitución inmunológica (componente celular de estirpe T).
Abstract Background: The knowledge of the participation of different subpopulations of T lymphocytes in various pathologies helps to make therapeutic decisions, having as reference the presence of the different subpopulations of the T lymphocytes associated with the disease. Methods: A profile standardization of surface molecules for the characterization of subpopulations of T cells was conducted: naïve, activated and memory, as well as natural killer (CD3− CD56+) cells in peripheral blood of clinically healthy individuals. Results: Naïve (CD3+, CD4+ or CD8+, CD45RA+, CD62L+, CCR7+), activated (CD3+, CD4+ or CD8+, CD45RA+ or CD45RO+, CD69+ and/or CRTAM+), effectors (CD3+, CD4+ o CD8+, CD45RA+, CD62L−, CCR7−), central memory (CD3+, CD4+ o CD8+, CD45RO+, CD62L+, CCR7+), memory effectors (CD3+, CD4+ or CD8+, CD62RO+, CD62L−, CCR7−) subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Descriptive statistics parameters were calculated (minimum values, maximum values, mean values, median). Conclusions: This panel can be very useful for monitoring patients in whom the immunological status from a cellular perspective is needed. Particularly, it can support the follow-up of patients who require an immunological reconstitution (T-cell component) evaluation.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Saccades , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide/psychology , Eye Movements , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Resumo O presente trabalho relata o caso de um paciente, masculino, 38 anos, com estrabismo incomitante e consequente diplopia, submetido à cirurgia debilitadora com recuo e fortalecimento com ressecção do músculo reto inferior direito. O objetivo desta técnica cirúrgica é a correção do desvio em sua posição de maior incomitância, sem prejudicar o alinhamento ocular na posição primária do olhar (PPO). O resultado satisfatório, em concordância com os dados da literatura atual, contribui para fazer desta técnica uma opção no tratamento de estrabismos incomitantes de difícil manejo.
Abstract The present study reports a case of a patient, 38-year-old man, with incomitant strabismus and consequent diplopia, submitted to debilitating surgery with recession and strengthening resection of the right inferior rectus muscle. This surgical technique aims to correct the deviation in its greater incomitence position, without impairing the ocular alignment in the primary position of the eye (PPO). The satisfactory result, in agreement with data of current literature, contributes to make this technique an option in the treatment of challenging incomitant strabismus.